Acta Physica Hungarica 65. (1989)
1989 / 2-3. szám - Atomic and Molecular Physics - E. Vatai: On the energy dependence of the electron shake processes
Acta Physica Hungarica 65 (2-S), pp. 257-264 (1989) ON THE ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF THE ELECTRON SHAKE PROCESSES* E. Vatai Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI) 4001 Debrecen, Hungary Time-dependent corrections were calculated for shake-up and shake-off probabilities and compared with the neon valence shell shake-up probabilities. Electron shake-up is shown to be time-independent in contrast with collision processes, supplying an additional evidence that distinct levels of non-separability exist and the electron-proton connection is capable of preventing the time development of the electron system. 1. Introduction It was proved more then fifty years ago by von Neumann [1] that quantum systems developing according to the time-dependent Schrôdinger equation remain in pure state independently of the interaction or the distance between the subsystems. The state vector of a subsystem, (that is its energy, momentum, spin, etc.), cannot be given separately. This conflicts with the result of the measurement, in which the subsystem is always found in a well determined state. The problem was solved by von Neumann in the following way: The measurement is a sudden irreversible process, which is not described by the Schrôdinger equation, therefore it is capable of separating the subsystem, on which the measurement is made, from the remaining part of the system. The above non-separable (indivisible) character and the related non-locality of quantum processes, as well as the problem of the measurement, are well known and debated questions of quantum theory [2,3]. Recently, important developments were achieved concerning non-separability. The spin-polarization experiment of Aspect et al [4] and the investigation of the energy transfer in ß decay by the author [5] have proved that non-separability exists independently of the actual form of the theory and it cannot be eliminated by the introduction of hidden variables into the theory. This indicates that a physical entity underlaying non-local connection exists. An indication that the above entity not only exists, but may have different properties for differing systems, is being published by the author [6]. This conclusion is based on the different behaviour of the atom depending on the origin of the ionizing electron. The interaction of the atom with an electron or any other charged particle in a collision process is well described by the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The situation changes radically when the ionizing electron is originally bound in the atom or created in the nucleus: The ionization is described in this ‘Dedicated to Academician D. Berényi on his 60th birthday Acta Physica Hungarica 65, 1989 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest