Hungarian Agricultural Research, 2008 (XVII/1-4)

2008-06-01 / 2-3. szám

Table 1. Main characteristics of transactions in Hungarian fresh vegetable and fruit supply chain The share of horticultural sector (vegetable- fruit, potato and flower) in the value of plant production amounted to 22%, (average of years 2002-2006)and 12.4% in the value or agricultural production. Both percentages show a decreasing tendency. Three-quarter and one-quarter of production of vegetables occur in small-scale and large-scale farms, respectively, 80% of fruit pro­duction may be found in small­­scale farms, 20% of it in large­­scale farms. 51% vegetable-fruit produced in Hungary is sold as fresh product on the market, in form of wholesale, retail or direct sales. The remainder gets to industrial processing and processing within the plant. (30+6%), 10 % to own consumption, 3% is constituted by storage loss or change in stock. In domestic sales of vegetables­­fruits, the proportion of direct sales to consumers is still significant, main forms of which are sales on local markets, wayside sales, sales from the farm, as well as “pick and carry” actions. Another important element of the domestic distribu­tion system of vegetables -fruits is the system of wholesale markets, within which the wholesale market of vegetable-fruit of Budapest has a share of 80% (other wholesale markets in Szeged, Szentes, etc.). Of the organizations, taking part in the turnover, important role is held by vegetable-fruit wholesalers, one part of them consists of export-import wholesalers, the other part of wholesalers, possessing domestic regional market. The number of wholesalers, participating in export-import may be estimated at out 100. Among which the role of 8-10 (CR 8-10) is determinative. From this sphere come out the main and regional (in case of domestic chain) suppliers of international and domestic retail chains. Other group of domestic wholesalers, dealing mainly with regional distribution of vege­­tables-fruits originating from wholesale markets, domestic production and import or own purchases, participate first of all in supply of retailers, works kitchens, restaurants, schools, nurseries, special vegetables-fruits Factors Retailers Producer cooperatives Producer Asset specificity > Physical specificity Low Medium (logistics plans and control devices) Medium-high (produce inputs and varieties) > Time specificity Low Medium-high in season Medium-high in season > Site specificity Low Low-medium (member suppliers) Medium > Human resource specificity Low Medium (selected members and suppliers, trained personnel) High (Trained personnel, different knowledge) > Dedicated specificity Low-medium Measurement problems Low Medium (small role of branding) Medium High (quality and safety characteristics) High (quality and safety characteristics) Frequency of transactions Very high Medium in season Medium in season Uncertainty / complexity of transactions Low (supplier selection) Medium-high (diverse of inputs and suppliers) Medium-high Interdependency Sequential (unilateral dependency of suppliers) Pooled (bilateral dependency between coops and members) Sequential (unilateral dependency from buyers) 38 Hungarian Agricultural Research 2008/2-3

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