Kornai János: The socialist system. The political economy of communism (Princeton, 1992) / angol nyelven
Part Two: The anatomy of the classical system
CHAPTER 9 TABLE 9.2 Growth of GDP and Capital Investment: International Comparison Ultimately, what if anything limits the growth in the proportion of investment and the concomitant fall in the consumption proportion? As already shown, the classical socialist system lacks an automatic economic mechanism equivalent to the one operating under capitalism, namely, the interactions among individual savings and investment decisions, the capital market, and the commercial banking system. The country’s leaders feel at most indirectly the limits to what the public can tolerate. These tolerance limits restrain the cutback in consumption. There is no way of telling how concerned the supreme controllers of the classical socialist system really are with the public’s material welfare. Average Annual Growth Rates, 1950-79 GDP Gross Fixed Capital Investment Socialist countries Bulgaria 5.43 10.89 Czechoslovakia 3.67 6.11 East Germany 3.77 8.52 Hungary 3.64 8.85 Poland 4.12 9.70 Romania 5.81 11.33 Soviet Union 4.95 8.02 Capitalist countries Australia 4.54 4.43 Canada 4.57 4.36 Finland 4.48 4.54 Greece 6.20 7.16 Italy 4.92 4.79 Netherlands 4.58 5.10 Norway 4.15 4.93 Sweden 3.69 4.18 West Germany 4.85 5.69 Source: F. L. Pryor (1985, p. 76).