Közgazdasági Szemle – 1984.
november - A cikkek orosz és angol nyelvű rövid tartalmi kivonata
SUMMARY OF THE ARTICLES External economic activity and social development Károly Foldes This paper analyses the interaction of the external and of the internal economical activity in respect both of the resources increasing functions and of the modes of operation. Some activef components of the increase of resources: the level of the specific expenditures, the terms o trade, the competitiveness of goods and the structural movement influenced by these components also. The modes of operation must simultaneously guarantee the dynamical balance, the constraint of effectiveness and the social objectives. The analysis of these apparently distant from one another active components demonstrates, that the balance maintaining function of the home economy became weaker, the stimulating role of the wages losed its importance, the society is not duly centred to performances and the performance does not serve sufficiently the society. The reassessment of the conditions of production is inadequate and is not effective in a balancing and demand-raising way. All these are reflected in an increased degree of the economic co-operation, the problems of growth, the structural and functional problems of which are reacting upon the national economies. It does not exist one single, prompt-effective and complex solution of the above problems. In the practice for the improvement of the function of the economy are indispensable: a conception of society-development and reforms managed elastically, but according to the principle; the making open the struggle for the redistribution of goods; undertaking of the tasks of growth and balance according to the effectiveness and a staff of professional managers interchanging according to the criterion of qualification. Misbeliefs about infrastructure Iván Major The author undertakes in his study to rethink the "commonplaces" and "misbeliefs" connected with the economic role, development and economic policy judgement of infrastructure. He tries to show that what the economic leadership gained by the neglect of the infrastructure through several decades, by the "saving of capital" thus attained, and using the development resources for other purposes, was lost for the economy as a whole since the maintenance of the ability of the infrastructure to function—the counterbalancing of capacity shortages and disproportions—required extremely high continuous inputs while the backwardness of services deteriorated at the same time the efficiency of production. Relying on an analysis of the current inputs and capital inputs of infrastructure—with the aid of input-output tables and capital balances—the author reaches the conclusion that the realistically computed difference between the capital intensities of production and infrastructure is much smaller than what we think on the basis of the system of national accounts. Thus, the "high capital intensity of infrastructure"—accepted by the majority of economists as an axiom—proves to be more and more a misbelief. In the concluding part of the article the author seeks an answer to the question whether it will be possible to formulate in the next years a "living-standard-centred" economic policy and, within that, one centred on infrastructure. The role of various strata and forms of employment of manpower in the establishment of the labour market's balance Katalin Koncz In the developed capitalist countries the manpower is employed in the frame of various forms of employment, in differentiated daily, weekly, annual working time. Their experiences are worth to be utilized in the labour force economy of the socialist countries also.