Korunk 2022 (III. folyam 33.)
2022 / 2. szám = Variációk államszocializmusra. Magyarország és Románia (1945–1989) - ABSTRACTS
The ever-changing images of women and their roles are a kind of social construction, closely linked to the political, economic and social changes of the moment. This was no different during the years of state socialism, the impact of which brought radical changes to the traditional roles of women that had been accepted and customary until then. But what was the ideal of the woman under state socialism? What roles were officially propagated and which were socially preferred? Did the official image of women meet the needs and ideas of society? How did these roles change during the decades of state socialism in the Hungarian and Romanian regions? János Kőbányai ■ The Historical Song of the Beat Era: A Novel and/or History of Hungarian Youth Music Keywords: beat music, revolt, Kádár era, Hungary The author, a former beat (pop, rock, then jazz and folk} critic, tries to summarize the narrative of the Hungarian youth music movement four decades after his study “A magyar beatkorszakszak” (The Hungarian Beat Era}. In his view, from this perspective, it can be inserted as the narrative of a historical period not only into the history of a genre or culture, but also into the “universal” history of the Kádár era. Without this, the essence and atmosphere of the peculiar Hungarian “goulash communism” cannot be understood. For this apparently “freetime” activity of young people - on the borders of legality and illegality - can be seen as the most significant oppositional or countercultural movement pervading the whole of society. This is because it has permeated all strata of society through its “sensual-erotic” medium. This politically elusive movement popularized the West’s sense of life and its ideals of living, with great success, in the context of a regime that was built on the very denial of these ideals - in the East’s zone of great power oppression. Sándor Oláh ■ Soviet Model in Szeklerland Keywords: agriculture, collectivisation, Soviet model, political coercion In the Eastern European states that came under Soviet influence after the Second World War, the social transformation programme known as the socialist transformation of agriculture took place under the conditions of the imposition of the Soviet collectivisation model. Political coercion has been prominent in the economic management of the Romanian communist leadership throughout. Throughout the entire period of socialist organisation of production, state administrative constraints were at work, imposing a compulsory regime of commodity relations between nationally centralised enterprises and producer cooperatives. Zsuzsanna Varga ■ Socialist and Capitalist Features of the Hungarian Agriculture in State Socialism Keywords: Hungarian agriculture, socialist and capitalist elements, state socialism The history of the Hungarian agriculture in state socialism demonstrates two transsystemic transfers in one country in the Cold War era. The Eastern transfer transplanted the Stalinist system of socialist agriculture into a capitalist agriculture and in a short time triggered a serious crisis in terms of both production and supply, contributing to revolution of 1956. The post-1956 political leadership wanted above all to make peace with the peasantry to ensure a stable foodsupply and improving living standards. This “agrarian lobby” was able to transform peasant initiatives from below into policies which gradually turned Hungarian producer cooperatives away from the Soviet kolkhoz; and it also convinced the leadership not only to open up to the West but also to permit the transfer of knowledge and technology. As a result of the successful adaptation of the “closed production systems” (poultry and egg production, corn production} by the 1970s a specific hybrid agriculture emerged in Hungary and quickly generated a dramatic rise in production. 2022/2 128