ACTA ARCHAEOLOGICA TOMUS 42 (A MTA RÉGÉSZETI KÖZLEMÉNYEI, 1990)

42. kötet / 1-4. sz. - M. KELEMEN: Roman Amphorae in Pannonia III.

ROMAN AMPHOIiAE IN PANNÓNIA 149 amphora fragments were also found on the eastern and western parts of the Schutthügel. Ettlin­ger's type 580.21 came from the western area, i.e. it is younger than 75. Bruckner placed the am­phora fragment from Ersingen in the 1st century22 while the item from the fort Straubing23 is dated to the Vespasian-Traian period. Regarding the Vindonissa 580 type E. Ettlinger called attention to two small vessels from Avenches.24 One has a grooved surface and narrow, conical body, closely related to our amphora type while the other is a small two handled vessel with a flat base and a grooved surface as well. Olive and dates seeds were found in them; they most probably came from the Mediterranian, perhaps from Africa. On the basis of evidence from the Avenches vessels, scholars hypothesize that the small carrot-shaped amphorae must have con­tained fruits — dates, figs etc. — from the Mediterranian. The same form is known in Pannónia, from Noricum.25 One of the 12 fragments in the material from Pingitzer, Carnuntum, published by Grünewald,26 has a rim-form with the upper part of the belly slanting abruptly under the pandle in a similar way to type Camulodunum 189. This amphora type was also identified on two pieces. 1) A completed, nearly complete specimen the rim is everted and the neck is short and vaulted, while the shoulder bulges out with two small handles turned slightly upwards and partitioned with a groove. Following a slight vault, the long, narrow, conical belly with A grooved surface begins under the handles. The base is missing. Its colour is yellowish-brown with a fabric finely tempered with sandy clay and smoothed on the rim. meek and shouder. H: 40 cm (approximately 2 — 3 em missing); Rd: 7,5 cm; Hd: 2Х1Д cm: wth: 0,8 cm. Site: Aquincum — Vörösvári st. 44.; Inv. No.; BTM 75.6.221. (Fig. 1,1). 2) Fragment: bulging shoulder with a densely ridged surface with one of the handles, which is short and has a ridge on its edge. Its colour is reddish-brown, with many sand grains and the surface is rough. D: 6 cm; Hd; 1,7X1,3 cm. Site: Tokod-Erzsébetakna. Inv. No.: DTM 59.13.20. (Fig. 1,2). The piece from Aquincum was unearthed in 1974, from the filled moat (of the late Roman period) in the legion camp from the 2— 3rd cc.27 The late fill of the moat and the young finds in it would suggest that this piece is later than 270. A.D. As all the pieces known so far are from the 1st century, or the first half of the 2nd century, this late dating seems ambiguous. The finds are not yet analysed but concerning the amphora, it may be suggested that it was mixed with later material after a secondary utilization. Mária Pető, working with the material, described it as a funnel, a fact under scored by the form and the size of the amphora. In addition the long, narrow base of the vessel was broken carefully along a horizontal phane, probably at the end of the hollow inner part. Consequently the piece must have arrived in the legion camp of Aquincum at the begin­ning of the 2nd century as an amphora, and later, striking off the base, it was used as a funnel. This secondary application cannot be dated, although it most probably occurred during the life­time of the camp, as it joined the moat debris after A.D. 270. The fragment from Tokod did not come from a regular excavation, but came to light during a mud removal operation carried out in the Tokod mine. As for dating it may be mentioned that the material found there contained samian ware, copies of relief ornamentation, which, according to Dénes Gabler's definition came from a local workshop (Tokod?) of the Hadrian— early-Antonian period.28 24 ASA 2, 1875, 580.; REUSCH 1970, 58-59, Abb. 21 ETTLINGER —SIMONETT 1952, 89, Nr. 580.; BELTRAN LLORIS 1970, 538., Fig. 219, 1.; REUSCH 1970, .58. Abb. 1,4. 22 H. GRÜTTER—A. BRUCKNER: lier gallo-rö­ mische Gutshof auf dem Murai bei Ersingen, Jahrbuch des bernischen Historischen Museums, 1965 — 66, 400, Abb. 19, 12.; BELTRAN-LLORIS 1970, 538, Fig. 219, 3. 23 WALKE 1965, 136, Nr. 9.; BELTRAN-LLORIS 1970, 540, Fig. 219, 6. 1, 5. Abi). 3. 25 PRASCHNIKER-KENNER 1947,131,Nr. 7440, Abb. 17.; ALZINGER 1955, 19, Nr. 173 179, Taf. 7, 173. 26 GRÜNEWALD 1983, 34, Taf. 44. I. 27 PETŐ 1976, 116 117., fig. 105. 28 GABLER 1976A, 44, 46, fig. 12.1 -2. Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 42, 1990

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