4D - Tájépítészeti és Kertművészeti Folyóirat 37-40. (2015)
2015 / 39. szám - Bechtold Ágnes: A Mátyásföldi nyaralótelep: egy értékeket rejtő városi tájegyütes = Summer Resort in Mátyásföld: an urban landscape with hidden values
2. kép/pict.: A vendéglő / The restaurant In the same year he founded the Society of Holiday House Owners in Mátyásföld with 65 members. Imre Kunkel anticipated that after the completion of the then planned local train line (BHÉV) to Cinkota (opened in 1888) the land prices would considerably increase.6 Indeed, the opening of the BHÉV line boosted demand fór Mátyásföld plots and soon after the first parceling new areas had to be divided up. The holiday district flourished until about World War I. SETTLEMENT STRUCTURE, PROFILE The character of the Mátyásföld resort was fundamentally different from the “villa districts” of the Buda Hills. It was the result of a pre-planned parceling with a regular settlement structure. [Fig. 1] That was made possible by the relief of the area being an elevated flatland, and besides, it was a green field investment in the course of which a new settlement evolved practically within a couple of decades around the tűm of the century. The main axis of the area was determined by the already existing forest and the restaurant building. The Street leading from the second HÉV stop of Mátyásföld to the Mátyás/Matthias (earlier Ilona) Square outside the restaurant was named Imre Street in honor of Imre Kunkel. The axis continued behind the tavem along the avenue of trees across the Erzsébet Grove up to the entrance of the open-air bath and designated the direction of the plots. When the streets were staked out, the ancient wind-furrowed northwestemsoutheastern direction was predominant.7 During parceling, square blocks of nearly identical sizes were created. They were divided intő plots of 600, 900 and 1200 square fathoms. On the side of a block usually three lots of 600 square fathoms each were located, while further inside there were two 900 square-fathom or a 600- and a 1200- square fathom plots next to each other. In addition to the regular subdivision of the area, the unified character of the district alsó owed to the building mles of the Society of Holiday House Owners. The minimum plot size, the distance of a building from the Street line and the neighbor’s fence were predetermined, and the building designs had to be approved by the board of the Society. To preserve the holiday character of the resort, no livestock could be kept, no pub or factory founded, workers’ quarters created, and a shop could only be established with permission from the Society’s board.1 Care was taken to keep a unified streetscape. In autumn 1888 trees began to be systematically planted in the streets, and the process was completed in i88g.9 The ornamental trees were trimmed by the gardener of the Society (in Mátyásföld the Society operated a garden and there were priváté horticultural enterprises as well), bút the sidewalks had to be kept in order by the inhabitants.10 3. kép/pict.: A Mátyásföldi Lawn Tennis Club kertje / The garáen of the Lawn Tennis Club (képeslap a KERTVÁROSI HELYTÖRTÉNETI gyűjteményből/ postcard) 4- kép/pict.: A Mátyás tér (egykor Ilona tér) a vendéglőépuletből nézve, 1900 k. / The Ma'tya's Square seen /rom the restaurant, around 1900 (képeslap novák MIHÁLY EGYKORI gyűjteményéből/ postcard) 5. kép/pict.: A templom előtti tér a templom felől / Paul heim József S quare (képeslap a KERTVÁROSI HELYTÖRTÉNETI GYŰJTEMÉNY-ből/postcaro) 6 Vass, Vilmos (ed.): Budapest XVI. kér. története: helytörténeti olvasókönyv. [History of Budapest, XVI. district: a local history reader] Budapest, 1998. p. 62. 7 Dr. Haltenberger, Mihály: „Nagy-Budapest falvai”. [Villages of Great Budapest] Városi Szemle (vol. 33. no. 7-8.) p. 432. 8 Statutes of the Society of Holiday House Owners in Mátyásföld, 1893-1938. 9 The order of the Minister of agriculture to regulate planting trees along national roads was issued in 1898. See Ormos 1967,104. 10 Körmendy-Ékes, Lajos: Az ötven éves Mátyásföld. [The fifty-year-old Mátyásföld] Mátyásföld, 1938. p. 28. 2 3 4 5 (képeslap a KERTVÁROSI HELYTÖRTÉNETI GYŰJTEMÉNY- ből/postcard) A MÁTYÁSFÖLDI NYARALÖTELEP 4D 39. SZÁM 2015 | 57